This course is concerned with the basic aspects of C*-algebras. During the first half of the semester, the lectures will be devoted to a systematic investigation of the finite-dimensional case; namely, the theory of complex matrices. Through many simple concrete examples we may describe various phenomena arising from the interplay of normed structure, order structure and algebraic structure. Later in the semester, we will continue to explore more striking facts pertinent to the infinite-dimensional case. Based on the background of students, various topics of related interest will be pursued.
Graduate students taking this course for credit will be required to
present a written report on a topic pertinent to their mathematical
backgrounds.
MAT 1051HF (MAT 468H1F)
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
M. Goldstein
This one-semester course is a basic introduction the the theory of partial differential equations. It is intended to help students get up to speed for the topics in PDEs course being taught in the spring: "Asymptotic Methods for PDEs", "Nonlinear Schroedinger Equations", "General Relativity".
Prerequisites: either you should have taken a course on measure and integration or you should be willing to suspend disbelief when presented with things like the Cauchy-Scwartz inequality and the Dominated Convergence Theorm.
Textbook: "Partial Differential Equations" by Lawrence C. Evans
Course syllabus:
Chapter 2: Four Important Linear PDES 2.1 Transport equation 2.2 Laplace's equation 2.3 Heat equation 2.4 Wave equation Chapter 3: Nonlinear First-Order PDE 3.2 Characteristics 3.4 Conservation Laws Chapter 4: Other ways to represent solutions 4.1 Separation of variables 4.2 similarity solutions 4.3 Transform methods Chapter 6: Second-order elliptic equations 6.1 definitions 6.2 existence of weak solutions 6.3.1 regularity 6.4 maximum principles 6.5.1 eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Chapter 7: Linear evolution equations 7.1 second-order parabolic (if time remains)
When possible, I will include computer demonstrations and will provide
matlab code for computationally-inclined students to play with.
MAT 1075HF
INTRODUCTION TO MICROLOCAL ANALYSIS
V. Ivrii
Definitions, structure, and representation theorems for Abelian Categories.
Resolutions by projectives, injectives and cohomology theories. Hochschild
Cohomology, Gerstenhaber Algebras, Super Poisson and Super Lie algebras.
Triangulated Categories, exact functors Fourier-Mukai transforms and other
equivalences. Stable theories: Tate cohomolgy, periodicity. The homological
mirror conjectures.
Prerequisite:
Core course in Algebra required, interest in algebraic geometry
helpful.
MAT 1120HS
LIE GROUPS AND LIE ALGEBRAS
J. Scherk
Lie groups, closed subgroups, homogeneous spaces.
Lie algebras, Lie's theorem, solvable and nilpotent Lie algebras;
semi-simple Lie algebras, root systems, classification.
References:
Bourbaki: Lie Groups and Lie Algebras
Carter, Segal, Macdonald: Lectures on Lie Groups and Lie Algebras
Knapp: Lie Groups Beyond an Introduction
Serre: Lie Groups and Lie Algebras
MAT 1122HF
HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS ON LIE GROUPS AND THEIR HOMOGENEOUS SPACES
V. Jurdjevic
This course would assume some familiarity with Lie groups and differentiable manifolds and would be based on my recent manuscript dealing with variational problems in control and quantum control, Riemannian and sub-Riemannian geometry, and other problems of applied mathematics. In a sense, the course will be a blend of optimal control theory, symplectic and differential geometry and mathematical physics. I would like to include the following topics:
Basic notions of algebraic geometry, with emphasis on geometry
Algebraic topics: fields, rings, ideals and moduli, dimension theory, algebraic aspects of infinitesimal notions, valuations.
Geometric topics: affine
and projective varieties, dimension and intersection
theory, curves and surfaces, schemes, varieties over the complex
and real numbers.
Textbook:
Shafarevich, I.R.: Basic algebraic geometry (Vols. 1 and 2),
second edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994.
A reference for algebraic topics:
Shafarevich, I.R.: Basic notions of algebra, Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, 1997.
MAT 1191HF
TOPICS IN ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY
C. Consani
This course will focus on two main topics in algebraic geometry:
- pure motives
- Grothendieck groups attached to an algebraic scheme.
The theory of motives was concieved by A. Grothendieck in the 60's with the
purpose to study (i.e. prove) the Weil conjectures in the zeta function of
algebraic varieties. I plan to start by explaining some background material
such as the notion of a Weil cohomology theory and the definition of
correspondences. Weil conjectures would be a consequence of 2 stronger
statements of topological nature: the so-called Standard Concejectures. I plan
to explain them and then head to the defintion of a pure Chow motive.
The definition of the Grothendieck groups attached to an algebraic scheme was
motivated by the expectation to generalize the classical Riemann-Roch theorem
in the "relative case." I plan to cover the definition and main functorial properties of these groups in the first part of the course, and then explain the statement
of the Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch theorem. If time permits, I
will mention further generalizations of these ideas developed by Baum, Fulton,
and MacPherson.
This course will begin by reviewing the geometry of curves
over finite fields (especially linear systems, Jacobians
and zeta functions). We will then discuss the application
of curves to the construction of codes and cryptosystems.
Though some familiarity with number theory and algebraic
geometry will be helpful, this course should be accessible
to beginning graduate students.
MAT 1196HF (MAT 445H1F)
REPRESENTATION THEORY
F. Murnaghan
A selection of topics from: Representation theory of finite groups, topological groups and compact groups. Group algebras. Character theory and orthogonality
relations. Weyl's character formula for compact semisimple Lie groups. Induced
representations. Structure theory and representations of semisimple Lie algebras. Determination of the complex Lie algebras.
MAT 1302HS (APM 461H1S/CSC 2413HS)
COMBINATORIAL METHODS
S. Zoble
A selection of topics from such areas as graph theory, combinatorial
algorithms, enumeration, construction of combinatorial identities.
MAT 1303HF (CSC 2406HF)
TRIPLE SYSTEMS
E. Mendelsohn
Triple systems have their origins in algebraic geometry,
statistics, and recreational mathematics. Although they
are the simplest of combinatorial designs, the study of
them encompasses most of the combinatorial, algebraic,
and algorithmic techniques of combinatorial design theory.
Topics to be covered: Fundamentals of design; existence of
triple systems; enumeration; computational methods; isomorphism
and invariants; configuration theory; chromatic invariants;
resolvability; directed, Mendelsohn, and mixed triples systems.
MAT 1340HF (MAT 425H1F)
DIFFERENTIAL TOPOLOGY
A. Khovanskii
Smooth manifolds, smooth mappings and Sard theorem, differential
forms and deRham cohomology, mapping degree and Pontryagin's construction,
Euler characteristic, Hopf theorem and Lefschetz fix points theorem.
Applications of smooth topology to algebra and calculus.
Reference::
J. Milnor, Topology from the differential viewpoint
Additional Reference::
R. Boot, Tu: Differential forms in algebraic topology
MAT 1344HF
INTRODUCTION TO SYMPLECTIC GEOMETRY
Y. Karshon
We will discuss a variety of concepts, examples, and theorems of symplectic geometry and topology. These may include, but are not restricted to, these topics:
This is a course on the main notions and basic facts
of symplectic topology. The topics to be covered
include: symplectic and contact spaces, Morse theory,
generating functions for symplectomorphisms,
symplectic fixed point theorems (Arnold's conjectures),
and invariants of legendrian knots. We also plan to touch
on almost complex structures, groups of symplectomorphisms,
definitions of symplectic capacities and Floer homology.
In the second part of the course we are going to cover various
constructions of completely integrable systems in finite
and infinite dimensions. An acquaintance with basic symplectic
geometry (e.g. covered by MAT 1344HF, Introduction to Symplectic
Geometry) is advisable.
References:
S.Tabachnikov: Introduction to symplectic topology
(Lecture notes, PennState U.)
D.McDuff and D.Salamon: Introduction to symplectic topology
(Oxford Math. Monographs, 1998)
A.Perelomov: Integrable systems of classical mechanics and Lie algebras
(Birkhauser, 1990)
MAT 1404HF (MAT 409H1F)
SET THEORY
W. Weiss
We will introduce the basic principles of axiomatic set theory, leading to the undecidability of the continuum hypothesis. We will emphasize those aspects which both provide a basis for further study and are most useful in applications to other branches of mathematics.
Notes for the course will be available on a website.
Optional Reference Textbooks:
W. Just and M. Weese: Discovering Modern Set Theory, I and II, AMS.
K. Kunen: Set Theory, Elsevier.
T. Jech: Set Theory, Academic Press
MAT 1448HF
TOPICS IN GENREAL TOPOLOGY
F.D. Tall
The topics will depend to some extent on the background of the students and
how many undergraduates enroll. Topics will include compactness, convergence,
paracompactness, and metrization, but at a deeper and more modern level than in
typical analysis courses, with attention to counterexamples. There will also
be some attention to set-theoretic aspects, but no significant set theory
background will be assumed. A number of prospective 4th year students have
expressed interest in a Moore-method (otherwise known as "discovery method"
or "research at your own level") topology course; if a sufficient number of
such students actually enroll, I will run the course that way, but will also
give a broad range of survey lectures so that students can be exposed to more
material than they would get in a pure Moore-method course.
I am flexible re prerequisites. A standard undergraduate introduction to
point-set topology such as MAT 327 will do, as will the graduate Topology Problems
course.
MAT 1450HS
SET THEORY: FORCING AXIOMS
S. Todorcevic
This will be an introduction into the study of strong Baire
category theorems, starting from the weakest one MA and ending
with the maximal one MM. Some bounded forms of these axioms
will also be considered as well as their connection with
principles of generic absoluteness and &Omega -logic.
MAT 1501HS
GEOMETRIC MEASURE THEORY AND CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS
R. Jerrard
Asymptotic series. Asymptotic methods for integrals:
stationary phase and steepest descent. Regular perturbations
for algebraic and differential equations. Singular perturbation
methods for ordinary differential equations: W.K.B., strained
coordinates, matched asymptotics, multiple scales. (Emphasizes
techniques; problems drawn from physics and engineering.)
Reference:
Carl M. Bender and Steven A. Orszag: Advanced Mathematical Methods
for Scientists and Engineers.
MAT 1508HS
NONLINEAR SCHOROEDINGER EQUATIONS
J. Colliander
The geometry of Lorentz manifolds. Gravity as a
manifestation of spacetime curvature. Einstein's equation.
Exact solutions: Schwarzschild metrics and black holes,
Applications: bending of light, perihelion precession of
Mercury.
The Cauchy problem and initial value formulation.
The constraint equations for space-like hypersurfaces. The structure
of asympototically flat 3-manifolds: ADM mass, positive mass theorem,
penrose inequality, center of mass, topology of asymptotically
flat three manifolds.
Textbooks:
R. Wald: General Relativity.
O'Neill: Semi-Riemannian Geometry.
MAT 1723HF (APM 421H1F)
FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS
R. Jerrard
Mirror symmetry plays a central role in the study of geometry of string theory. In mathematics, it reveals a surprising connection between symplectic geometry and algebraic geometry. In physics, it provides a conceptual guide as well as powerful computational tools, especially in compactifications to four-dimensions.
Outline:
1. Background: Supersymmetry and homological algebra Non-linear sigma models (NLSM) Landau-Ginzburg models topological field theory and topological strings 2. Linear sigma models, moduli space of theories 3. Mirror Symmetry 4. Mirror Symmetry involving D-branes * B-branes in NLSM - holomorphic bundles, coherent sheaves * B-branes in LG models - level sets, matrix factorizations * A-branes in NLSM - Lagrangian submanifolds, Floer homology * A-branes in LG models - vanishing cycles and Picard-Lefschetz monodromy References: The course does not follow a textbook but the following may be useful. 1. K. Hori, S. Katz, A. Klemm, R. Pandharipande, R. Thomas, C. Vafa, R. Vakil and E. Zaslow, ``Mirror Symmetry'' Clay Mathematics Monographs Vol 1 (AMS, 2003). 2. P. Deligne, P. Etingof, D. Freed, L. Jeffrey, D. Kazhdan, J. Morgan, D. Morrison, E. Witten, ``Quentum Fields and Strings: A Course for Mathematicians'' (AMS 1999).
We will study notions of complexity, which were pioneered in theoretical
computer science, as applied to traditional topics
in theoretical and applied mathematics, such as
Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, Newton's method, linear
programming, Julia sets and Mandelbrot sets.
Textbook:
Lenore Blum, Felipe Cucker, Michael Shub, Steve Smale:
Complexity and Real Computation, Springer-Verlag, 1998,
ISBN 9 780387 982816
MAT 1844HF
UNIFORMIZATION THEOREM AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN HOLOMORPHIC DYNAMICS
M. Lyubich
The classical Uniformization Theorem is one of the most profound results
in mathematics. It asserts that any simply connected Riemann surface is
conformally equivalent to either the Riemann sphere, or to the complex
plane, or to the hyperbolic plane. We will first discuss different proofs
of this theorem and then will give some of its numerous applications to
holomorphic dynamics (an active field of research that studies iterates of
rational endomorphisms of the Riemann sphere).
MAT 1845HF
TOPICS ON HOMOCLINIC BIFURCATION, DOMINATED SPLITTING, ROBUST TRANSITIVITY
AND RELATED RESULTS
E. Pujals
For a long time it has been a goal in the theory of dynamical systems to describe the dynamics of "big sets" (generic or residual, dense, etc.) in the space of all dynamical systems. It was briefly thought in the sixties that this could be realized by the so-called hyperbolic ones: systems with the assumption that the tangent bundle splits into two complementary subbundles that are uniformly forward (respectively backward) contracted by the tangent map. Under this assumption, it is completely described the dynamic of f from a topological and statistical point of view. Nevertheless, uniform hyperbolicity was soon realized to be a property less universal than it was initially thought. Roughly speaking, it was showed that two kind of different phenomena can appear in the complement of the hyperbolic systems:
These new results naturally pushed some aspects of the theory on dynamical systems in different directions:
Along the course we will deal with the previous topics discussing the following subjects:
Introduction to the basic mathematical techniques in pricing theory and
risk management: Stochastic calculus, single-period finance, financial
derivatives (tree-approximation and Black-Scholes model for equity derivatives,
American derivatives, numerical methods, lattice models for interest-rate
derivatives), value at risk, credit risk, portfolio theory.
MAT 1900Y/1901H/1902H
READINGS IN PURE MATHEMATICS
Numbers assigned for students wishing individual instruction
in an area of pure mathematics.
MAT 1950Y/1951H/1952H
READINGS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
Numbers assigned for students wishing individual instruction
in an area of applied mathematics.
STA 2111HF
GRADUATE PROBABILITY I
J. Rosenthal
A rigorous introduction to probability theory: Probability spaces,
random variables, independence, characteristic functions, Markov chains,
limit theorems.
STA 2211HS
GRADUATE PROBABILITY II
J. Rosenthal
Continuation of Graduate Probability I, with emphasis on stochastic processes: Poisson processes and Brownian motion, Markov processes, Martingale techniques, weak convergence, stochastic differential equations.
(Math graduate students cannot take the following courses for graduate credit.)
MAT 2000Y READINGS IN THEORETICAL MATHEMATICS(These courses are used as reading courses for engineering and science students in need of instruction in special topics in theoretical mathematics. These course numbers can also be used as dual numbers for some third and fourth year undergraduate mathematics courses if the instructor agrees to adapt the courses to the special needs of graduate students. A listing of such courses is available in the 2003-2004 Faculty of Arts and Science Calendar. Students taking these courses should get an enrolment form from the graduate studies office of the Mathematics Department. Permission from the instructor is required.)
The following course is offered to help train students to become effective tutorial leaders and eventually lecturers. It is not for degree credit and is not to be offered every year.
MAT 1499HThe goals of the course include techniques for teaching large classes, sensitivity to possible problems, and developing an ability to criticize one's own teaching and correct problems.
Assignments will include such things as preparing sample classes, tests, assignments, course outlines, designs for new courses, instructions for teaching assistants, identifying and dealing with various types of problems, dealing with administrative requirements, etc.
The course will also include teaching a few classes in a large course under the supervision of the instructor. A video camera will be available to enable students to tape their teaching for later (private) assessment.