MAT1341HS: Morse Theory, Spring 2010 - University of Toronto mathematics department, 2010

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[[Assignment 1|Morse_Asst_1.pdf]] - Due February 11
[[Assignment 2|Morse_Asst_2.pdf]] - Due March 4

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''Instructor:'' [[Marco Gualtieri|http://www.math.toronto.edu/mgualt]], office hours by appointment.
''Class Schedule:'' Tuesday 1pm-3pm and Thursday 1pm-2pm, room ~BA6183. First class is Tuesday, January 5.
''Evaluation:'' There will be several //__assignments__// and a //__final project__//.  The final project is a document demonstrating the student's understanding of a topic related to, but not explicitly covered in, the course.  This could be an involved calculation, an explication of a classic or current paper, or a description of a closely related subject, such as:
* Equivariant Morse theory
* Morse theory for manifolds with boundary
* Bott periodicity
* Topology of Lie groups and loop groups (~Bott-Samelson theory)
* ~Picard-Lefschetz theory of complex Morse functions, 
* h-cobordism, 
* Cerf theory, 
* Details of ~Morse-Bott theory
* Discrete Morse theory
* Supersymmetry and Morse theory (Witten)
* Kirby calculus, 
* Plumbing theory,
* Pseudo-holomorphic curves
* ~Duistermaat-Heckman and the localization theorem 
* The Morse flow category - ~Cohen-Jones-Segal
 

The references listed above should provide ample opportunities for projects.  Discuss any ideas you have with me.

[[Morse functions and the Morse lemma - Palais' proof|Notes1-4.pdf]]
[[Genericity, theorem A by gradient flow, and beginning of Surgery|Notes5-8.pdf]] Corrected surgery blunder. 
[[Diagram of 0-surgery in dim 1|0-surg_dim1.jpg]]
[[Diagram of 0-surgery in dim 2|0-surg_dim2.jpg]]
[[Surgery and Handle attachment|Notes9-11.pdf]]
[[Handle cancellation and decomposition theorem|Notes12-13.pdf]]
[[The Morse inequalities|Notes14-15.pdf]]
[[The Grassmannian and Morse-Bott functions|Notes16-23.pdf]]
[[Morse theory of moment maps in symplectic geometry|Notes24-25.pdf]]

This graduate course will be an introduction to the broad topic of Morse theory.  We begin with the classical approach to Morse theory, studying the topology of manifolds using functions defined on them, using the formulations of Thom, Bott, Smale, Witten, and Floer.  We will thoroughly cover finite-dimensional Morse theory, including Morse homology, and then move on to treat some examples of infinite-dimensional Morse theory, e.g. as relates to closed geodesics, the ~Yang-Mills equations, and the relative Morse theory of Floer.   

Topics will include:
* Existence of Morse Functions
* Surgery, Handle Attachment, and Cobordisms
* Morse Inequalities
* ~Bott-Morse functions
* ~Morse-Floer Homology
* ~Morse-Smale Dynamics
* Witten's approach to Morse theory
* Morse theory on the loop space of a Riemannian manifold
* Floer Homology and """Pseudo-Holomorphic""" curves

The prerequisites are an understanding of the geometry of smooth manifolds, homology and 
cohomology, vector fields, and Sard's theorem ("""Mat327H1 or Mat425H1 or MAT427H1 or 464H1""" or, ideally, the first term of 1300Y - any of these would be acceptable prerequisites.)

[[Course Information]]
[[Course Notes]]
[[Assignments]]
[[References]]

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if (!readOnly) return "<<slider chkSliderOptionsPanel SiteMap [[site index »]] >>";
</script>

/***
|Name|InlineJavascriptPlugin|
|Source|http://www.TiddlyTools.com/#InlineJavascriptPlugin|
|Documentation|http://www.TiddlyTools.com/#InlineJavascriptPluginInfo|
|Version|1.9.5|
|Author|Eric Shulman|
|License|http://www.TiddlyTools.com/#LegalStatements|
|~CoreVersion|2.1|
|Type|plugin|
|Requires||
|Overrides||
|Description|Insert Javascript executable code directly into your tiddler content.|
''Call directly into TW core utility routines, define new functions, calculate values, add dynamically-generated TiddlyWiki-formatted output'' into tiddler content, or perform any other programmatic actions each time the tiddler is rendered.
!!!!!Documentation
>see [[InlineJavascriptPluginInfo]]
!!!!!Revisions
<<<
2009.04.11 [1.9.5] pass current tiddler object into wrapper code so it can be referenced from within 'onclick' scripts
2009.02.26 [1.9.4] in $(), handle leading '#' on ID for compatibility with JQuery syntax
|please see [[InlineJavascriptPluginInfo]] for additional revision details|
2005.11.08 [1.0.0] initial release
<<<
!!!!!Code
***/
//{{{
version.extensions.InlineJavascriptPlugin= {major: 1, minor: 9, revision: 5, date: new Date(2009,4,11)};

config.formatters.push( {
	name: "inlineJavascript",
	match: "\\<script",
	lookahead: "\\<script(?: src=\\\"((?:.|\\n)*?)\\\")?(?: label=\\\"((?:.|\\n)*?)\\\")?(?: title=\\\"((?:.|\\n)*?)\\\")?(?: key=\\\"((?:.|\\n)*?)\\\")?( show)?\\>((?:.|\\n)*?)\\</script\\>",

	handler: function(w) {
		var lookaheadRegExp = new RegExp(this.lookahead,"mg");
		lookaheadRegExp.lastIndex = w.matchStart;
		var lookaheadMatch = lookaheadRegExp.exec(w.source)
		if(lookaheadMatch && lookaheadMatch.index == w.matchStart) {
			var src=lookaheadMatch[1];
			var label=lookaheadMatch[2];
			var tip=lookaheadMatch[3];
			var key=lookaheadMatch[4];
			var show=lookaheadMatch[5];
			var code=lookaheadMatch[6];
			if (src) { // external script library
				var script = document.createElement("script"); script.src = src;
				document.body.appendChild(script); document.body.removeChild(script);
			}
			if (code) { // inline code
				if (show) // display source in tiddler
					wikify("{{{\n"+lookaheadMatch[0]+"\n}}}\n",w.output);
				if (label) { // create 'onclick' command link
					var link=createTiddlyElement(w.output,"a",null,"tiddlyLinkExisting",wikifyPlainText(label));
					var fixup=code.replace(/document.write\s*\(/gi,'place.bufferedHTML+=(');
					link.code="function _out(place,tiddler){"+fixup+"\n};_out(this,this.tiddler);"
					link.tiddler=w.tiddler;
					link.onclick=function(){
						this.bufferedHTML="";
						try{ var r=eval(this.code);
							if(this.bufferedHTML.length || (typeof(r)==="string")&&r.length)
								var s=this.parentNode.insertBefore(document.createElement("span"),this.nextSibling);
							if(this.bufferedHTML.length)
								s.innerHTML=this.bufferedHTML;
							if((typeof(r)==="string")&&r.length) {
								wikify(r,s,null,this.tiddler);
								return false;
							} else return r!==undefined?r:false;
						} catch(e){alert(e.description||e.toString());return false;}
					};
					link.setAttribute("title",tip||"");
					var URIcode='javascript:void(eval(decodeURIComponent(%22(function(){try{';
					URIcode+=encodeURIComponent(encodeURIComponent(code.replace(/\n/g,' ')));
					URIcode+='}catch(e){alert(e.description||e.toString())}})()%22)))';
					link.setAttribute("href",URIcode);
					link.style.cursor="pointer";
					if (key) link.accessKey=key.substr(0,1); // single character only
				}
				else { // run script immediately
					var fixup=code.replace(/document.write\s*\(/gi,'place.innerHTML+=(');
					var c="function _out(place,tiddler){"+fixup+"\n};_out(w.output,w.tiddler);";
					try	 { var out=eval(c); }
					catch(e) { out=e.description?e.description:e.toString(); }
					if (out && out.length) wikify(out,w.output,w.highlightRegExp,w.tiddler);
				}
			}
			w.nextMatch = lookaheadMatch.index + lookaheadMatch[0].length;
		}
	}
} )
//}}}

// // Backward-compatibility for TW2.1.x and earlier
//{{{
if (typeof(wikifyPlainText)=="undefined") window.wikifyPlainText=function(text,limit,tiddler) {
	if(limit > 0) text = text.substr(0,limit);
	var wikifier = new Wikifier(text,formatter,null,tiddler);
	return wikifier.wikifyPlain();
}
//}}}

// // GLOBAL FUNCTION: $(...) -- 'shorthand' convenience syntax for document.getElementById()
//{{{
if (typeof($)=='undefined') { function $(id) { return document.getElementById(id.replace(/^#/,'')); } }
//}}}

[img[morseRP2.png]]
* [[Course Information]]
* [[Course Overview]]
* [[Assignments]]
* [[Course Notes]]
* [[References]]

<<closeAll>><<permaview>><<newTiddler>><<newJournal 'DD MMM YYYY'>><<saveChanges>><<slider chkSliderOptionsPanel OptionsPanel 'options »' 'Change TiddlyWiki advanced options'>>

Last Updated: 
Copyright ©

These interface options for customising TiddlyWiki are saved in your browser

<<option chkRegExpSearch>> RegExpSearch
<<option chkCaseSensitiveSearch>> CaseSensitiveSearch
<<option chkAnimate>> EnableAnimations

Also see AdvancedOptions

<!--{{{-->

	
  <div class='header'>
      <div class='headerShadow'>
        <span class='siteTitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteTitle'></span><BR>
        <span class='siteSubtitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteSubtitle'></span>
      </div>
      <div class='headerForeground'>
        <span class='siteTitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteTitle'></span><BR>
        <span class='siteSubtitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteSubtitle'></span>
      </div>
  </div>
  <div id='topMenu' refresh='content' tiddler='TopMenu'></div>
  <div id='mainMenu' refresh='content' tiddler='MainMenu'></div>
  <div id='displayArea'>
    <div id='messageArea'></div>
    <div id='tiddlerDisplay'></div>
  </div>
  <div id='footer' refresh='content' force='true' tiddler='Footer'></div>

<!--}}}-->

/***
|Name|Plugin: jsMath|
|Created by|BobMcElrath|
|Email|my first name at my last name dot org|
|Location|http://bob.mcelrath.org/tiddlyjsmath.html|
|Version|1.5.1|
|Requires|[[TiddlyWiki|http://www.tiddlywiki.com]] &ge; 2.0.3, [[jsMath|http://www.math.union.edu/~dpvc/jsMath/]] &ge; 3.0|
!Description
LaTeX is the world standard for specifying, typesetting, and communicating mathematics among scientists, engineers, and mathematicians.  For more information about LaTeX itself, visit the [[LaTeX Project|http://www.latex-project.org/]].  This plugin typesets math using [[jsMath|http://www.math.union.edu/~dpvc/jsMath/]], which is an implementation of the TeX math rules and typesetting in javascript, for your browser.  Notice the small button in the lower right corner which opens its control panel.
!Installation
In addition to this plugin, you must also [[install jsMath|http://www.math.union.edu/~dpvc/jsMath/download/jsMath.html]] on the same server as your TiddlyWiki html file.  If you're using TiddlyWiki without a web server, then the jsMath directory must be placed in the same location as the TiddlyWiki html file.

I also recommend modifying your StyleSheet use serif fonts that are slightly larger than normal, so that the math matches surrounding text, and \\small fonts are not unreadable (as in exponents and subscripts).
{{{
.viewer {
  line-height: 125%;
  font-family: serif;
  font-size: 12pt;
}
}}}

If you had used a previous version of [[Plugin: jsMath]], it is no longer necessary to edit the main tiddlywiki.html file to add the jsMath <script> tag.  [[Plugin: jsMath]] now uses ajax to load jsMath.
!History
* 11-Nov-05, version 1.0, Initial release
* 22-Jan-06, version 1.1, updated for ~TW2.0, tested with jsMath 3.1, editing tiddlywiki.html by hand is no longer necessary.
* 24-Jan-06, version 1.2, fixes for Safari, Konqueror
* 27-Jan-06, version 1.3, improved error handling, detect if ajax was already defined (used by ZiddlyWiki)
* 12-Jul-06, version 1.4, fixed problem with not finding image fonts
* 26-Feb-07, version 1.5, fixed problem with Mozilla "unterminated character class".
* 27-Feb-07, version 1.5.1, Runs compatibly with TW 2.1.0+, by Bram Chen
!Examples
|!Source|!Output|h
|{{{The variable $x$ is real.}}}|The variable $x$ is real.|
|{{{The variable \(y\) is complex.}}}|The variable \(y\) is complex.|
|{{{This \[\int_a^b x = \frac{1}{2}(b^2-a^2)\] is an easy integral.}}}|This \[\int_a^b x = \frac{1}{2}(b^2-a^2)\] is an easy integral.|
|{{{This $$\int_a^b \sin x = -(\cos b - \cos a)$$ is another easy integral.}}}|This $$\int_a^b \sin x = -(\cos b - \cos a)$$ is another easy integral.|
|{{{Block formatted equations may also use the 'equation' environment \begin{equation}  \int \tan x = -\ln \cos x \end{equation} }}}|Block formatted equations may also use the 'equation' environment \begin{equation}  \int \tan x = -\ln \cos x \end{equation}|
|{{{Equation arrays are also supported \begin{eqnarray} a &=& b \\ c &=& d \end{eqnarray} }}}|Equation arrays are also supported \begin{eqnarray} a &=& b \\ c &=& d \end{eqnarray} |
|{{{I spent \$7.38 on lunch.}}}|I spent \$7.38 on lunch.|
|{{{I had to insert a backslash (\\) into my document}}}|I had to insert a backslash (\\) into my document|
!Code
***/
//{{{

// AJAX code adapted from http://timmorgan.org/mini
// This is already loaded by ziddlywiki...
if(typeof(window["ajax"]) == "undefined") {
  ajax = {
      x: function(){try{return new ActiveXObject('Msxml2.XMLHTTP')}catch(e){try{return new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP')}catch(e){return new XMLHttpRequest()}}},
      gets: function(url){var x=ajax.x();x.open('GET',url,false);x.send(null);return x.responseText}
  }
}

// Load jsMath
jsMath = {
  Setup: {inited: 1},          // don't run jsMath.Setup.Body() yet
  Autoload: {root: new String(document.location).replace(/[^\/]*$/,'jsMath/')}  // URL to jsMath directory, change if necessary
};
var jsMathstr;
try {
  jsMathstr = ajax.gets(jsMath.Autoload.root+"jsMath.js");
} catch(e) {
  alert("jsMath was not found: you must place the 'jsMath' directory in the same place as this file.  "
       +"The error was:\n"+e.name+": "+e.message);
  throw(e);  // abort eval
}
try {
  window.eval(jsMathstr);
} catch(e) {
  alert("jsMath failed to load.  The error was:\n"+e.name + ": " + e.message + " on line " + e.lineNumber);
}
jsMath.Setup.inited=0;  //  allow jsMath.Setup.Body() to run again

// Define wikifers for latex
config.formatterHelpers.mathFormatHelper = function(w) {
    var e = document.createElement(this.element);
    e.className = this.className;
    var endRegExp = new RegExp(this.terminator, "mg");
    endRegExp.lastIndex = w.matchStart+w.matchLength;
    var matched = endRegExp.exec(w.source);
    if(matched) {
        var txt = w.source.substr(w.matchStart+w.matchLength, 
            matched.index-w.matchStart-w.matchLength);
        if(this.keepdelim) {
          txt = w.source.substr(w.matchStart, matched.index+matched[0].length-w.matchStart);
        }
        e.appendChild(document.createTextNode(txt));
        w.output.appendChild(e);
        w.nextMatch = endRegExp.lastIndex;
    }
}

config.formatters.push({
  name: "displayMath1",
  match: "\\\$\\\$",
  terminator: "\\\$\\\$\\n?", // 2.0 compatability
  termRegExp: "\\\$\\\$\\n?",
  element: "div",
  className: "math",
  handler: config.formatterHelpers.mathFormatHelper
});

config.formatters.push({
  name: "inlineMath1",
  match: "\\\$", 
  terminator: "\\\$", // 2.0 compatability
  termRegExp: "\\\$",
  element: "span",
  className: "math",
  handler: config.formatterHelpers.mathFormatHelper
});

var backslashformatters = new Array(0);

backslashformatters.push({
  name: "inlineMath2",
  match: "\\\\\\\(",
  terminator: "\\\\\\\)", // 2.0 compatability
  termRegExp: "\\\\\\\)",
  element: "span",
  className: "math",
  handler: config.formatterHelpers.mathFormatHelper
});

backslashformatters.push({
  name: "displayMath2",
  match: "\\\\\\\[",
  terminator: "\\\\\\\]\\n?", // 2.0 compatability
  termRegExp: "\\\\\\\]\\n?",
  element: "div",
  className: "math",
  handler: config.formatterHelpers.mathFormatHelper
});

backslashformatters.push({
  name: "displayMath3",
  match: "\\\\begin\\{equation\\}",
  terminator: "\\\\end\\{equation\\}\\n?", // 2.0 compatability
  termRegExp: "\\\\end\\{equation\\}\\n?",
  element: "div",
  className: "math",
  handler: config.formatterHelpers.mathFormatHelper
});

// These can be nested.  e.g. \begin{equation} \begin{array}{ccc} \begin{array}{ccc} ...
backslashformatters.push({
  name: "displayMath4",
  match: "\\\\begin\\{eqnarray\\}",
  terminator: "\\\\end\\{eqnarray\\}\\n?", // 2.0 compatability
  termRegExp: "\\\\end\\{eqnarray\\}\\n?",
  element: "div",
  className: "math",
  keepdelim: true,
  handler: config.formatterHelpers.mathFormatHelper
});

// The escape must come between backslash formatters and regular ones.
// So any latex-like \commands must be added to the beginning of
// backslashformatters here.
backslashformatters.push({
    name: "escape",
    match: "\\\\.",
    handler: function(w) {
        w.output.appendChild(document.createTextNode(w.source.substr(w.matchStart+1,1)));
        w.nextMatch = w.matchStart+2;
    }
});

config.formatters=backslashformatters.concat(config.formatters);

window.wikify = function(source,output,highlightRegExp,tiddler)
{
    if(source && source != "") {
        if(version.major == 2 && version.minor > 0) {
            var wikifier = new Wikifier(source,getParser(tiddler),highlightRegExp,tiddler);
            wikifier.subWikifyUnterm(output);
        } else {
            var wikifier = new Wikifier(source,formatter,highlightRegExp,tiddler);
            wikifier.subWikify(output,null);
        }
        jsMath.ProcessBeforeShowing();
    }
}
//}}}

Books:
* Morse Theory, Milnor. (Classic text)
* Lectures on Morse Homology, Banyaga and Hurtubise. 
* An Invitation to Morse Theory, Nicolaescu. 
* Differential Manifolds, A. A. Kosinski (Very clean treatment of differential topology and handlebody theory)
* Morse Homology, Matthias Schwarz. (Together with below, standard reference on Morse homology)
* Morse theory for Hamiltonian systems, A. Abbondandolo. (Together with above, standard reference on Morse homology)
* Riemannian geometry and geometric analysis, Jurgen Jost. (Analysis master class)
* Morse Theoretic Methods in Nonlinear Analysis and in Symplectic Topology, Biran, Cornea, and Lalonde. (Nice hybrid of finite-dimensional Morse theory and Floer homology)
* Monopoles and 3-manifolds, Kronheimer and Mrowka (I.2 is a fantastic window on morse homology)
* The topology of 4-manifolds, Kirby. (Fun and very powerful)

Lecture notes:
* [[Lectures on Floer Homology|Salamon floer.pdf]], Dietmar Salamon.
* [[Lecture notes on Morse Homology|mfp.pdf]], Michael Hutchings.
* [[Lecture notes: from Morse homology to Floer homology|mf-notes.pdf]], Ely Kerman.
* [[Topics in Morse theory|CopenhagenLectureNotes.pdf]], Ralph Cohen.
* [[The Morse-Smale complex|schaetz_dipl.pdf]], Schaetz's diplom thesis.
* [[Morse theory on Homogeneous spaces|Duan homogeneous morse.pdf]], Duan.
* [[Morse theory in the 1990s|Morse theory 1990s.pdf]], Martin Guest.

Articles:
* [[Morse theory indomitable|BottMTI.pdf]], Bott.
* [[Supersymmetry and Morse theory|Witten Morse Theory and Supersymmetry.pdf]], Witten.
* [[Witten's complex and infinite-dimensional Morse theory|FloerWittenMorse.pdf]], Floer. 
* [[Morse theory on Hilbert manifolds|palais.pdf]], Palais.
* [[An application of Morse theory to the topology of Lie groups|Bott morse theory lie groups.pdf]], Bott.
* [[The Yang-Mills equations over Riemann surfaces| Atiyah-Bott.pdf]], Atiyah and Bott.
* [[Equivariant Morse theory and closed geodesics|Hingston.pdf]], N. Hingston.
* [[Gradient dynamical systems|smale gradient dynamical systems.pdf]], S. Smale.
* [[Morse theory and classifying spaces|CohenJonesSegal.pdf]], R. Cohen, J. Jones, and G. Segal.
* [[On the Floer homology of cotangent bundles|Abbondandolo and Schwarz.pdf]], Abbondandolo and Schwarz.
* [[Equivalences for Morse Homology|schwarz_equivalences for morse homology.pdf]], M. Schwarz. 
* [[Morse Lemma for Banach manifolds|Palais Morse lemma for Banach.pdf]], R. Palais
* [[Convexity and commuting Hamiltonians|atiyah-convexity.pdf]], M. Atiyah
* [[Fixed points on Kahler manifolds|frankel-fixed points.pdf]], T. Frankel

<<search>><<closeAll>><<permaview>><<newTiddler>><<newJournal "DD MMM YYYY" "journal">><<saveChanges>><<slider chkSliderOptionsPanel OptionsPanel "options »" "Change TiddlyWiki advanced options">>

<<tabs txtMainTab "Timeline" "Timeline" TabTimeline "All" "All tiddlers" TabAll "Tags" "All tags" TabTags "More" "More lists" TabMore>>

University of Toronto [[mathematics department|http://www.math.toronto.edu]], 2010

~MAT1341HS: Morse Theory, Spring 2010

/*{{{*/

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font-size: .8em;
color:#333333; 
text-align:center; 
background:#fff 
url(bg_top.png) repeat-x top left; 
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div.header { font-family:georgia,arial; display:block; height:80px; background-color:#fff; overflow:hidden; clear:both; position:relative;}
div.header .headerForeground a {color: #333333}
div.header div.headerForeground { color:[[ColorPalette::Foreground]]; padding:0 0 0 0; padding-top: 2em; }
div.header div.headerForeground span.siteTitle h1 { position:absolute; margin:0; padding:0; top:10px; left:8px;}
div.header div.headerShadow { display:none; }

#topMenu {font-family: verdana, arial}
#topMenu ul { margin:0; padding:0; list-style:none; width:100%; overflow:hidden; clear:both; }
#topMenu ul li { float:left; margin:0; padding:0; }
#topMenu ul li a { height:18px; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration:none; display:block; float:left; font-size:12px;  font-weight:bold; color:[[ColorPalette::Background]]; margin:0 20px 0 0; padding:5px 8px 5px 8px }
#topMenu ul li a:hover { background-color:[[ColorPalette::MainAccentLight]]; }
#topMenu a.button { float:right; margin:0.8em 0 0 1.5em; color:[[ColorPalette::PrimaryPale]]; border-width:0;}
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#mainMenu { font-size: 1em; font-family: verdana, arial; margin:0 0 0 0; padding:0; width:200px;  text-align:left; line-height:1.3em; overflow:hidden; clear:both; float:left; position: inherit;}
#mainMenu ul { list-style:none; margin:0; padding:0; }
#mainMenu ul li a.tiddlyLink {margin:0; padding:6px 8px; display:block; text-decoration:none; color:#888888; text-align:left; clear:left; }
#mainMenu ul li a.tiddlyLink:hover { color:[[ColorPalette::MainAccentLight]]; background-color:[[ColorPalette::Background]];}


#mainMenu a {color:#888888;padding: 6px 8px; }
#mainMenu a:hover { color:[[ColorPalette::MainAccentLight]]; background-color:[[ColorPalette::Background]];}

#mainMenu a.button {color:[[ColorPalette::Foreground]]; border-width:0px; }
#mainMenu a.button:hover { color:[[ColorPalette::MainAccentLight]]; background-color:[[ColorPalette::Background]];}
#mainMenu input.txtOptionInput {border:solid 1px #ddd; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; border-bottom:solid 1px #eee; margin:4px 0 0 8px; padding:2px 4px; color:[[ColorPalette::LessSubtle]]; background:transparent url(./images/bg_search.png) repeat-x top left;}

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div.tiddler div.viewer { font-size:1.2em; margin-left:0px; width:750px;}
div.tiddler div.subtitle { display:none; }
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div.tiddler div.toolbar > a.button { color:[[ColorPalette::Subtle]]; border-width:0;}
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div.tiddler div.tagged { font-family: verdana, arial; background-color:[[ColorPalette::Background]]; border-width:0; margin:0 0 2em 0;}
div.tiddler div.tagged ul li.listTitle { display:none; }
div.tiddler div.tagged ul li a { font-size:.8em; display:block; margin-bottom:2px; padding:3px 3px 3px 20px; text-decoration:none; background:transparent url(tags_matrix.png) no-repeat top left; color:[[ColorPalette::PrimaryPale]]; }
div.tiddler div.tagged ul li a:hover { color:[[ColorPalette::MainAccentLight]]; background-color:[[ColorPalette::Background]];}

div.tiddler div.tagging { float:none; border:solid 1px [[ColorPalette::SubtleLight]]; padding:3px; background-color:[[ColorPalette::SubtleSuperLight]]; overflow:hidden; clear:both; zoom:1;}
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div.tiddler div.tagging ul li a { color:[[ColorPalette::MainAccentLight]]; }
div.tiddler div.tagging ul li a:hover { color:[[ColorPalette::MainAccent]]; background-color:[[ColorPalette::SubtleSuperLight]];}

div.tiddler div.viewer img { float:left; clear:left; margin:0 1em 1em 0;}
div.tiddler table {margin:0; border-width:0px; }
div.tiddler table tr { border-width:0px; }
div.tiddler table tr td { border-width:0px; vertical-align:top; }
div.tiddler table tr td * { float:left; clear:left; }

.viewer pre { font-size:0.85em; }

#popup { border:solid 1px [[ColorPalette::Subtle]]; border-bottom:solid 1px [[ColorPalette::LessSubtle]]; border-right:solid 1px [[ColorPalette::LessSubtle]]; background-color:[[ColorPalette::Background]]; padding:1px 0 0 0;}
#popup li a { background-color:[[ColorPalette::SubtleSuperLight]]; color:[[ColorPalette::MuchLessSubtle]]; text-align:left;}
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#popup li.listBreak div {border-bottom:solid 1px [[ColorPalette::Background]]; border-top:solid 1px [[ColorPalette::SubtleLight]]; margin:0;}

form.wizard {font-size:0.8em;}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 { color:[[ColorPalette::MainAccentLight]] }

/*}}}*/

/*{{{*/
* html .tiddler {height:1%;}
body {
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margin:0;
padding:0;
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}
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h5 {font-size:.9em;}
hr {height:1px;}
a {text-decoration:none;}
dt {font-weight:bold;}
ol {list-style-type:decimal;}
ol ol {list-style-type:lower-alpha;}
ol ol ol {list-style-type:lower-roman;}
ol ol ol ol {list-style-type:decimal;}
ol ol ol ol ol {list-style-type:lower-alpha;}
ol ol ol ol ol ol {list-style-type:lower-roman;}
ol ol ol ol ol ol ol {list-style-type:decimal;}
.txtOptionInput {width:11em;}
#contentWrapper .chkOptionInput {border:0;}
.externalLink {text-decoration:underline;}
.indent {margin-left:3em;}
.outdent {margin-left:3em; text-indent:-3em;}
code.escaped {white-space:nowrap;}
.tiddlyLinkExisting {font-weight:bold;}
.tiddlyLinkNonExisting {font-style:italic;}
/* the 'a' is required for IE, otherwise it renders the whole tiddler
in bold */
a.tiddlyLinkNonExisting.shadow {font-weight:bold;}
#sidebarTabs .tiddlyLinkExisting {font-weight:bold; font-style:normal;}
.header {position:relative;}
.header a:hover {background:transparent;}
.headerShadow {position:relative; padding:4.5em 0em 1em 1em; left:-1px;
top:-1px;}
.headerForeground {position:absolute; padding:4.5em 0em 1em 1em;
left:0px; top:0px;}
.siteTitle {font-size:3em;}
.siteSubtitle {font-size:1.2em;}
#mainMenu {position:absolute; left:0; width:10em; text-align:right;
line-height:1.6em; padding:1.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; font-size:1.1em;}
#sidebar {position:absolute; right:3px; width:16em; font-size:.9em;}
#sidebarOptions {padding-top:0.3em;}
#sidebarOptions a {margin:0em 0.2em; padding:0.2em 0.3em;
display:block;}
#sidebarOptions input {margin:0.4em 0.5em;}
#sidebarOptions .sliderPanel {margin-left:1em; padding:0.5em;
font-size:.85em;}
#sidebarOptions .sliderPanel a {font-weight:bold; display:inline;
padding:0;}
#sidebarOptions .sliderPanel input {margin:0 0 .3em 0;}
#sidebarTabs .tabContents {width:15em; overflow:hidden;}
.wizard {padding:0.1em 1em 0em 2em;}
.wizard h1 {font-size:2em; font-weight:bold; background:none;
padding:0em 0em 0em 0em; margin:0.4em 0em 0.2em 0em;}
.wizard h2 {font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold; background:none;
padding:0em 0em 0em 0em; margin:0.4em 0em 0.2em 0em;}
.wizardStep {padding:1em 1em 1em 1em;}
.wizard .button {margin:0.5em 0em 0em 0em; font-size:1.2em;}
.wizardFooter {padding:0.8em 0.4em 0.8em 0em;}
.wizardFooter .status {padding:0em 0.4em 0em 0.4em; margin-left:1em;}
.wizard .button {padding:0.1em 0.2em 0.1em 0.2em;}
#messageArea {position:fixed; top:2em; right:0em; margin:0.5em;
padding:0.5em; z-index:2000; _position:absolute;}
.messageToolbar {display:block; text-align:right; padding:0.2em 0.2em
0.2em 0.2em;}
#messageArea a {text-decoration:underline;}
.tiddlerPopupButton {padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;}
.popupTiddler {position: absolute; z-index:300; padding:1em 1em 1em
1em; margin:0;}
.popup {position:absolute; z-index:300; font-size:.9em; padding:0;
list-style:none; margin:0;}
.popup .popupMessage {padding:0.4em;}
.popup hr {display:block; height:1px; width:auto; padding:0;
margin:0.2em 0em;}
.popup li.disabled {padding:0.4em;}
.popup li a {display:block; padding:0.4em; font-weight:normal;
cursor:pointer;}
.listBreak {font-size:1px; line-height:1px;}
.listBreak div {margin:2px 0;}
.tabset {padding:1em 0em 0em 0.5em;}
.tab {margin:0em 0em 0em 0.25em; padding:2px;}
.tabContents {padding:0.5em;}
.tabContents ul, .tabContents ol {margin:0; padding:0;}
.txtMainTab .tabContents li {list-style:none;}
.tabContents li.listLink { margin-left:.75em;}
#contentWrapper {display:block;}
#splashScreen {display:none;}
#displayArea {margin:1em 17em 0em 14em;}
.toolbar {text-align:right; font-size:.9em;}
.tiddler {padding:1em 1em 0em 1em;}
.missing .viewer,.missing .title {font-style:italic;}
.title {font-size:1.6em; font-weight:bold;}
.missing .subtitle {display:none;}
.subtitle {font-size:1.1em;}
.tiddler .button {padding:0.2em 0.4em;}
.tagging {margin:0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 0; float:left; display:none;}
.isTag .tagging {display:block;}
.tagged {margin:0.5em; float:right;}
.tagging, .tagged {font-size:0.9em; padding:0.25em;}
.tagging ul, .tagged ul {list-style:none; margin:0.25em; padding:0;}
.tagClear {clear:both;}
.footer {font-size:.9em;}
.footer li {display:inline;}
.annotation {padding:0.5em; margin:0.5em;}
* html .viewer pre {width:99%; padding:0 0 1em 0;}
.viewer {line-height:1.4em; padding-top:0.5em;}
.viewer .button {margin:0em 0.25em; padding:0em 0.25em;}
.viewer blockquote {line-height:1.5em;
padding-left:0.8em;margin-left:2.5em;}
.viewer ul, .viewer ol {margin-left:0.5em; padding-left:1.5em;}
.viewer table, table.twtable {border-collapse:collapse; margin:0.8em
1.0em;}
.viewer th, .viewer td, .viewer tr,.viewer caption,.twtable th,
.twtable td, .twtable tr,.twtable caption {padding:3px;}
table.listView {font-size:0.85em; margin:0.8em 1.0em;}
table.listView th, table.listView td, table.listView tr {padding:0px
3px 0px 3px;}
.viewer pre {padding:0.5em; margin-left:0.5em; font-size:1.2em;
line-height:1.4em; overflow:auto;}
.viewer code {font-size:1.2em; line-height:1.4em;}
.editor {font-size:1.1em;}
.editor input, .editor textarea {display:block; width:100%;
font:inherit;}
.editorFooter {padding:0.25em 0em; font-size:.9em;}
.editorFooter .button {padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px;}
.fieldsetFix {border:0; padding:0; margin:1px 0px 1px 0px;}
.sparkline {line-height:1em;}
.sparktick {outline:0;}
.zoomer {font-size:1.1em; position:absolute; overflow:hidden;}
.zoomer div {padding:1em;}
* html #backstage {width:99%;}
* html #backstageArea {width:99%;}
#backstageArea {display:none; position:relative; overflow: hidden;
z-index:150; padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.3em 0.5em;}
#backstageToolbar {position:relative;}
#backstageArea a {font-weight:bold; margin-left:0.5em; padding:0.3em
0.5em 0.3em 0.5em;}
#backstageButton {display:none; position:absolute; z-index:175;
top:0em; right:0em;}
#backstageButton a {padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.1em 0.4em; margin:0.1em 0.1em
0.1em 0.1em;}
#backstage {position:relative; width:100%; z-index:50;}
#backstagePanel {display:none; z-index:100; position:absolute;
margin:0em 3em 0em 3em; padding:1em 1em 1em 1em;}
.backstagePanelFooter {padding-top:0.2em; float:right;}
.backstagePanelFooter a {padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0.4em;}
#backstageCloak {display:none; z-index:20; position:absolute;
width:100%; height:100px;}
.whenBackstage {display:none;}
.backstageVisible .whenBackstage {display:block;}
/*}}}*/

|~ViewToolbar|closeTiddler closeOthers +editTiddler > fields syncing permalink references jump|
|~EditToolbar|+saveTiddler -cancelTiddler deleteTiddler|

<<closeAll>><<permaview>><<saveChanges>>

<!--{{{-->
<div class='title' macro='view title'></div>
<div class='toolbar' macro='toolbar closeTiddler
+editTiddler'></div>
<div class='subtitle'><span macro='view modifier
link'></span>, <span macro='view modified
date'></span> (<span macro='message
views.wikified.createdPrompt'></span> <span macro='view
created date'></span>)</div>
<div class='tagging' macro='tagging'></div>
<div class='tagged' macro='tags'></div>
<div class='viewer' macro='view text wikified'></div>
<div class='tagClear'></div>
<!--}}}-->

//{{{
//This ensures that the footer sticks to the bottom of the screen when there are no tiddlers open. If that is not desirable, it can be deleted.
function setFooter() {
         if (document.getElementById && document.getElementById("contentFooter") ) {
            var windowHeight=findWindowHeight();
         if (windowHeight>0) {
            var contentHeight= document.getElementById('mainMenu').offsetHeight + document.getElementById("header").offsetHeight + document.getElementById("contentFooter").offsetHeight;
            var menu= document.getElementById('mainMenu');
            if (windowHeight-(contentHeight)>=0) {
               menu.style.position='relative';
               menu.style.marginBottom=(windowHeight-(contentHeight))+'px';
               }
            else {
                 menu.style.position='';
                 menu.style.marginBottom='';
                 }
            }
         }
}
window.onresize = function() {
  setFooter();
}

Story.prototype.refreshTiddler_footerhack=Story.prototype.refreshTiddler;
Story.prototype.refreshTiddler = function (title,template,force)
{    
var theTiddler = Story.prototype.refreshTiddler_footerhack.apply(this,arguments);
setFooter();
   return theTiddler;}

//}}}