Northwestern Number Theory Seminar
Spring 2009



The seminar takes place on Mondays, 3:00-3:50PM in Lunt 107.
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Previous term





Schedule of Talks

Click on title (or scroll down) for the abstract.

March 30
Dick Gross (Harvard)
Restriction problems for classical groups
April 6
Brian Conrad (Stanford)
Pseudo-reductive groups
April 13
Barry Mazur (Harvard)
Elliptic Curves and Hilbert's Tenth problem
April 20
Matthew Emerton (Northwestern)
p-adic L-functions and Iwasawa theory --- an introduction
April 27
Matthew Emerton (Northwestern)
p-adic L-functions and Iwasawa theory --- an introduction, part II
May 4
Mark Kisin (Chicago)
The Grothendieck-Katz conjecture for certain locally symmetric varieties
May 11
Tom Barnet-Lamb (Harvard)
Potential automorphy for certain Galois representations to GL(n)
May 18
Jordan Ellenberg (Madison)
Stable topology of Hurwitz spaces and arithmetic counting problems
May 25
(no seminar: Memorial Day)






Abstracts



  • Dick Gross (Harvard) Restriction problems for classical groups

    I will discuss several restriction problems in the representation theory of classical groups over local fields, including restriction of irreducible representations from U(n) to U(n-1). This work, which is joint with W-T Gan and D Prasad, attempts to predict the multiplicities in the restriction from number-theoretic data of the Langlands parameters.

  • Brian Conrad (Stanford) Pseudo-reductive groups

    One of the most beautiful topics in pure mathematics is the structure theory of connected reductive algebraic groups over general fields. This is especially nice over separably closed fields, where it is given in terms of root systems. Over general perfect fields (such as Q) one can often reduce questions involving general smooth connected affine algebraic groups to the reductive case, but this is not at all possible over imperfect fields, such as function fields of curves over finite fields. This leads one to seek a weakening of reductivity (equivalent to it over perfect fields) for which one can nonetheless develop a useful structure theory. The right weakening, called pseudo-reductivity, was introduced and studied by Borel and Tits, but they were unable to develop a classification suitable for arithmetic applications.

    In joint work with O. Gabber and G. Prasad we have established such a classification (away from characteristic 2 for now). I will explain some concrete problems that motivate the desire to study pseudo-reductive groups, and show a number of examples to illustrate various aspects of the classification. The precise form of the classification theorem will also be given.

  • Barry Mazur (Harvard) Elliptic Curves and Hilbert's Tenth problem

    This lecture is about joint work with Karl Rubin regarding the Mordell-Weil group of elliptic curves over arbitrary number fields. As a consequence of this work, under appropriate hypotheses we can find elliptic curves that have many quadratic twists with trivial Mordell-Weil group, and (assuming the Shafarevich-Tate conjecture) many others with infinite cyclic Mordell-Weil group over an arbitrary number field K. Moreover we can find such elliptic curves E that have the following stability property: for a given cyclic extension-field L of K of prime degree the Mordell-Weil rank of E over L remains equal to 1. Using work of Poonen and Shlapentokh, it follows from our results that if the Shafarevich-Tate conjecture holds, then Hilbert’s Tenth Problem has a negative answer over the ring of integers of every number field.

  • Matthew Emerton (Northwestern) p-adic L-functions and Iwasawa theory --- an introduction

    I will explain the construction of Kubota--Leopoldt p-adic L-function, which is a p-adic analytic function obtained by interpolating special values of the Riemann zeta function. I will then go on to explain the role that this p-adic L-function plays in describing the arithmetic of the cyclotomic extensions of the rational numbers. The key result in this direction is the so-called Main Conjecture of Iwasawa theory, which was proved by Mazur and Wiles in the 1980s. It represents the culmination of a long tradition of number theoretic investigation, reaching all the way back to the work of Kummer from the mid 1800s, who made the first general study of the arithmetic of cyclotomic fields.

  • Matthew Emerton (Northwestern) p-adic L-functions and Iwasawa theory --- an introduction, part II

    This is a continuation of last week's talk.

  • Mark Kisin (Chicago) The Grothendieck-Katz conjecture for certain locally symmetric varieties

    We show how results from Margulis rigidity can be combined with results of Katz and Andre to prove the Grothendieck-Katz conjecture for a large class of locally symmetric varieties including the moduli space of polarized abelian varieties. This is joint work with B. Farb.

  • Tom Barnet-Lamb (Harvard) Potential automorphy for certain Galois representations to GL(n)

    I will describe recent generalizations of mine to a theorem of Harris, Shepherd-Barron, and Taylor, showing that certain Galois representations become automorphic after one makes a suitably large totally-real extension to the base field. The main innovation is that the result applies to Galois representations to GL_n, where the previous work dealt with representations to Sp_n; I can also relax certain congruence conditions which existed in the earlier work, and work over a CM, rather than a totally-real, field. The main technique is the consideration of the cohomology the Dwork hypersurface, and in particular, of pieces of this cohomology other than the invariants under the natural group action.

  • Jordan Ellenberg (Madison) Stable topology of Hurwitz spaces and arithmetic counting problems

    We will discuss some arithmetic counting problems, ranging from the antique (how many squarefree integers are there in [0..N]?) to the au courant (conjectures of Bhargava and Cohen-Lenstra about the distributions of discriminants and of class groups.) When considered over function fields, these conjectures reveal themselves as having to do with stabilization of cohomology of moduli spaces of covers of curves, or Hurwitz spaces. We will report on progress on the topological study of Hurwitz spaces, which leads to information about arithmetic counting problems over function fields over finite fields; for instance, a version of Cohen-Lenstra "correct up to the constant" for F_q(t). If time permits I will try to give a picture of the rather general ensemble of arithmetic counting conjectures suggested by the method (e.g. -- for how many squarefree integers in [0..N] is there a totally real quintic extension of Q with discriminant N?) and explain how to prove versions of these conjectures in the much easier regime where "q goes to infinity first." The theorems discussed will include the ones I gestured at somewhat tentatively in my talk at the Langlands conference last year in Evanston, and which are now on firmer footing.
    (joint work with Akshay Venkatesh and Craig Westerland)