Problems

1. Problem 1
2. Problem 2
3. Problem 3
4. Problem 4
5. Problem 5
6. Problem 6
7. Problem 7
8. Problem 8
9. Problem 9

Problem 1.

1. Find solution \begin{align*} & u_{tt}-c^2u_{xx}=0, &&t>0, x>0, \\\ &u|_{t=0}= \phi (x), &&x>0, \\ &u_t|_{t=0}= c\phi'(x), &&x>0, \\ &u|_{x=0}=\chi(t), &&t>0. \end{align*} (separately in $x > ct$ and $0 < x < ct$).

2. Find solution \begin{align*} & u_{tt}-c^2u_{xx}=0, &&t>0, x>0, \\\ &u|_{t=0}= \phi (x), &&x>0, \\ &u_t|_{t=0}= c\phi'(x), &&x>0, \\ &u_x|_{x=0}=\chi(t), &&t>0. \end{align*} separately in $x > ct$ and $0 < x < ct$.

Problem 2.

1. Find solution \begin{align*} & u_{tt}-c_1^2u_{xx}=0, &&&t>0, x>0, \\ & u_{tt}-c_2^2u_{xx}=0, &&&t>0, x<0, \\ &u|_{t=0}= \phi (x), &&u_t|_{t=0}= c_1\phi'(x) &x>0, \\ &u|_{t=0}=0, &&u_t|_{t=0}=0, &x<0,\\ &u|_{x=+0}=\alpha u|_{x=-0}, &&u_x|_{x=+0}=\beta u_x|_{x=-0} &t>0 \end{align*} (separately in $x > c_1 t$, $0 < x < c_1 t$, $-c_2t < x < 0$ and $x < -c_2t$).

2. Discuss reflected wave and refracted wave. In particular, consider $\phi(x)=e^{ik x}$.

Problem 3.

1. Find solution \begin{align*} & u_{tt}-c_1^2u_{xx}=0, &&&t>0, x>0, \\ & v_{tt}-c_2^2v_{xx}=0, &&&t>0, x>0, \\ &u|_{t=0}= \phi (x), &&u_t|_{t=0}= c_1\phi'(x) &x>0, \\ &v|_{t=0}=0, &&v_t|_{t=0}=0, &x>0,\\ &(u+\alpha v)|_{x=0}=0, &&(u_x+\beta v_x)|_{x=0}=0 &t>0 \end{align*} (for $u$ separately in $x > c_1t$, and for $v$ separately in $0 < x < c_2t$).

2. Discuss two reflected waves. In particular, consider $\phi(x)=e^{ik x}$.

3. Discuss connection to Problem 2.

Problem 4.

1. Find solution \begin{align*} & u_{tt}-c^2u_{xx}=0, &&&t>0, x>0, \\ &u|_{t=0}= \phi (x), &&u_t|_{t=0}= c_1\phi'(x) &x>0, \\ &(u_x+\alpha u)|_{x=0}=0, &&&t>0 \end{align*} (separately in $x > c_1 t$, and $0 < x < c_1 t$).

2. Discuss reflected wave. In particular, consider $\phi(x)=e^{ik x}$.

Problem 5.

1. Find solution \begin{align*} & u_{tt}-c^2u_{xx}=0, &&&t>0, x>0, \\ &u|_{t=0}= \phi (x), &&u_t|_{t=0}= c_1\phi'(x) &x>0, \\ &(u_x+\alpha u_{t})|_{x=0}=0, &&&t>0 \end{align*} (separately in $x > c_1 t$, and $0 < x < c_1 t$).

2. Discuss reflected wave. In particular, consider $\phi(x)=e^{ik x}$.

Problem 6.

1. Find solution \begin{align*} & u_{tt}-c_1^2u_{xx}=0, &&&t>0, x>0, \\ &u|_{t=0}= \phi (x), &&u_t|_{t=0}= c_1\phi'(x) &x>0, \\ &(u_x+\alpha u_{tt})|_{x=0}=0, &&&t>0 \end{align*} (separately in $x > c_1 t$, and $0 < x < c_1 t$).

2. Discuss reflected wave. In particular, consider $\phi(x)=e^{ik x}$.

Problem 7. Consider equation with the initial conditions \begin{align} & u_{tt}-c^2 u_{xx}=0,\qquad &&t>0, x>vt,\label{3a} \\ &u|_{t=0}= f(x), \qquad &&x>0, \label{3b}\\ &u_t|_{t=0}= g(x), \qquad &&x>0.\label{3c} \end{align}

1. Find which of these conditions (a)-(d) at $x=vt$, $t>0$ could be added to (\ref{3a})-(\ref{3b}) so that the resulting problem would have a unique solution and solve the problem you deemed as a good one:

   1. None,
   2. $u|_{x=vt}=0$ ($t>0$),
   3. $(\alpha u_x +\beta u_t)|_{x=vt}=0$ ($t>0$),
   4. $u|_{x=vt}=u_x|_{x=vt}=0$ ($t>0$).
      Consider cases $v>c$, $-c < v < c$ and $v < -c$. In the case condition (3) find necessary restrictions to $\alpha,\beta$.

2. Find solution in the cases when it exists and is uniquely determined; consider separately zones $x > ct$, $-ct < x < ct $ and $x> ct$ (intersected with $x> vt$).

Problem 8.

By method of continuation combined with D'Alembert formula solve each of the following four problems (a)--(d).

1. \begin{equation*} \left\{\begin{aligned} &u_{tt}-9u_{xx}=0, \qquad &&x>0,\\ &u|_{t=0}=0, \qquad &&x>0,\\ &u_t|_{t=0}=\cos (x), \qquad &&x>0,\\ &u|_{x=0}=0, \qquad &&t>0. \end{aligned}\right. \end{equation*}

2. \begin{equation*} \left\{\begin{aligned} &u_{tt}-9u_{xx}=0, \qquad &&x>0,\\ &u|_{t=0}=0, \qquad &&x>0,\\ &u_t|_{t=0}=\cos (x), \qquad &&x>0,\\ &u_x|_{x=0}=0, \qquad &&t>0. \end{aligned}\right. \end{equation*}

3. \begin{equation*} \left\{\begin{aligned} &u_{tt}-9u_{xx}=0, \qquad &&x>0,\\ &u|_{t=0}=0, \qquad &&x>0,\\ &u_t|_{t=0}=\sin(x), \qquad &&x>0,\\ &u|_{x=0}=0, \qquad &&t>0. \end{aligned}\right. \end{equation*}

4. \begin{equation*} \left\{\begin{aligned} &u_{tt}-9u_{xx}=0, \qquad &&x>0,\\ &u|_{t=0}=0, \qquad &&x>0,\\ &u_t|_{t=0}=\sin(x), \qquad &&x>0,\\ &u_x|_{x=0}=0, \qquad &&t>0. \end{aligned}\right. \end{equation*}

Problem 9.

Solve \begin{align*} &(t^2+1)u_{tt}+tu_t-u_{xx}=0,\\[3pt] &u|_{t=0}=0, \qquad u_t|_{t=0}=1. \end{align*} Hint: Make a change of variables $x=\frac{1}{2}(\xi+\eta)$, $t=\sinh (\frac{1}{2}(\xi-\eta))$ and calculate $u_\xi$, $u_\eta$, $u_{\xi\eta}$.

$\Uparrow$  $\uparrow$  $\Rightarrow$